Antonio Damasio; Descartes' Error
Book	Page		Topic
Damasio; Descartes' Error	3		Phineas P. Gage, 1848, 25 years old, railroad foreman, VT, drill hole, explosive powder, iron rod; went through his skull, front of the brain, survived, personality changed.
Damasio; Descartes' Error	27		Brodmann's areas - (diagram)		24
Damasio; Descartes' Error	28		Limbic system, a catchall for a number of evolutionarily old structures, many neuroscientists resist using it.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	66		Functions are apportioned asymmetrically to the cerebral hemispheres; one final controller for choosing an action or thought.		38
Damasio; Descartes' Error	66		Language depends largely on left-hemisphere structures in more than 95% of people, including many left-handers.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	71		It is proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex is a particular region where systems concerned with emotion, attention, and working memory interact so intimately that they contribute the source for the energy for both external action (movement) and internal action (thought, animation, reasoning).		5
Damasio; Descartes' Error	91		Early visual cortices (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5) - (diagram)		20
Damasio; Descartes' Error	91		V1, primary visual cortex, Brodmann's area 17.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	93		Between the brain's five main sensory input sectors and three main output sectors lie the (1) association cortices, (2) basal ganglia, (3) thalamus, (4) limbic system cortices, (5) brain stem, (6) cerebellum.		2
Damasio; Descartes' Error	94		Integrated mind from parcellated activity.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	95		Mind integration is created from the concerted action of large-scale systems by synchronizing sets of neural activity in separate brain regions.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	96		Each sensory system appears equipped to provide its own local attention and working-memory. For global attention and working memory, the prefrontal cortices and some limbic system structures (anterior cingulate) are essential.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	101		Patients with extensive damage to the early visual cortices lose their ability to generate visual images.		5
Damasio; Descartes' Error	101		PET and fMRI studies show that recollection of visual images activates the early visual cortices.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	118		Brainstem and hypothalamus circuitry is mostly innate and stable.		17
Damasio; Descartes' Error	118		Limbic system contains both innate circuitry and circuitry modifiable by experience.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	120		Small collections of neurons can deliver a dose of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin or acetylcholine to widespread regions of the brain including the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia.		2
Damasio; Descartes' Error	122		Massively recurrent circuit arrangements, feedforward and feedback loops; some of the loops are purely chemical.		2
Damasio; Descartes' Error	123		Hypothalamus, brain stem and the limbic system intervene in body regulation and in all neural processes on which mind phenomena are based (perception, learning, recall, emotion, feeling, reasoning, creativity).		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	123		Body regulation, survival, and mind are intimately interwoven.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	132		Primary emotions - (diagram)		9
Damasio; Descartes' Error	134		Secondary emotions involve the prefrontal cortex and the somatosensory cortices as well as structures in the limbic system.		2
Damasio; Descartes' Error	137		Secondary emotions - (diagram)		3
Damasio; Descartes' Error	138		Prefrontal patients can have primary emotions.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	139		Limbic system damage in the amygdala or anterior cingulate usually implies a more pervasive impairment of both primary and secondary emotions.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	139		Feeling - the experience of all the changes that constitute an emotional response.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	139		Damage to limbic system impairs the processing of primary emotion; damage to prefrontal cortices compromises the processing of secondary emotions.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	142		Difference between facial expressions of genuine and make-believe emotions.		3
Damasio; Descartes' Error	142		Smiles of real joy and smiles of politeness.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	143		What is a feeling? Some feelings relate to emotions; many that do not; all emotions generate feelings.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	143		Background feelings - those that do not originate in emotions.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	145		Feel and emotion -  (diagram)		2
Damasio; Descartes' Error	150		Background feeling, a body state prevailing between emotions.		5
Damasio; Descartes' Error	150		When we feel happiness, anger, or another emotion, the background feeling has been superseded by an emotional feeling.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	159		Feelings are first and foremost about the body, the cognition of our visceral and musculoskeletal state.		9
Damasio; Descartes' Error	159		Body images give to other images a quality of goodness or badness, of pleasure or pain.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	160		Chemicals involved in emotions and moods are not enough to explain how we feel.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	160		Endorphins are the brains own morphine and can change how we feel about ourselves.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	160		Neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, as well as neuromodulators can also change how we feel about ourselves.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	163		Emotion and feeling -  (diagram)		3
Damasio; Descartes' Error	182		Entire prefrontal region seems dedicated to categorizing contingencies.		19
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Different domains of knowledge are categorized in different prefrontal regions.		1
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Bioregulatory and social domain have affinity for the ventromedial sector.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Domains that subsume knowledge of the external world align with the dorsolateral region.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Prefrontal cortices are directly connected to every avenue of motor and chemical response available to the brain.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Dorsolateral and upper medial sectors can activate the premotor cortices and from there the primary motor cortices, the supplementary motor area, and the third motor area.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Subcortical motor machinery of the basal ganglia is accessible to the prefrontal cortices.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Ventromedial prefrontal cortices send signals to autonomic nervous system effectors and can promote chemical responses associated with emotion out of the hypothalamus and brain stem.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	183		Prefrontal cortices, particularly the ventromedial sector can acquire a three-way link between (1) body state, (2) the individual's unique experience, (3) effectors of those body states.		0
Damasio; Descartes' Error	190		Natural selection works by conserving something that works, selecting other devices that can cope with complexity.		7
Damasio; Descartes' Error	194		Gut feeling		4
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