| Antonio Damasio; Descartes' Error | |||||
| Book | Page | Topic | |||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 3 | Phineas P. Gage, 1848, 25 years old, railroad foreman, VT, drill hole, explosive powder, iron rod; went through his skull, front of the brain, survived, personality changed. | |||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 27 | Brodmann's areas - (diagram) | 24 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 28 | Limbic system, a catchall for a number of evolutionarily old structures, many neuroscientists resist using it. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 66 | Functions are apportioned asymmetrically to the cerebral hemispheres; one final controller for choosing an action or thought. | 38 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 66 | Language depends largely on left-hemisphere structures in more than 95% of people, including many left-handers. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 71 | It is proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex is a particular region where systems concerned with emotion, attention, and working memory interact so intimately that they contribute the source for the energy for both external action (movement) and internal action (thought, animation, reasoning). | 5 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 91 | Early visual cortices (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5) - (diagram) | 20 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 91 | V1, primary visual cortex, Brodmann's area 17. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 93 | Between the brain's five main sensory input sectors and three main output sectors lie the (1) association cortices, (2) basal ganglia, (3) thalamus, (4) limbic system cortices, (5) brain stem, (6) cerebellum. | 2 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 94 | Integrated mind from parcellated activity. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 95 | Mind integration is created from the concerted action of large-scale systems by synchronizing sets of neural activity in separate brain regions. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 96 | Each sensory system appears equipped to provide its own local attention and working-memory. For global attention and working memory, the prefrontal cortices and some limbic system structures (anterior cingulate) are essential. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 101 | Patients with extensive damage to the early visual cortices lose their ability to generate visual images. | 5 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 101 | PET and fMRI studies show that recollection of visual images activates the early visual cortices. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 118 | Brainstem and hypothalamus circuitry is mostly innate and stable. | 17 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 118 | Limbic system contains both innate circuitry and circuitry modifiable by experience. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 120 | Small collections of neurons can deliver a dose of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin or acetylcholine to widespread regions of the brain including the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. | 2 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 122 | Massively recurrent circuit arrangements, feedforward and feedback loops; some of the loops are purely chemical. | 2 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 123 | Hypothalamus, brain stem and the limbic system intervene in body regulation and in all neural processes on which mind phenomena are based (perception, learning, recall, emotion, feeling, reasoning, creativity). | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 123 | Body regulation, survival, and mind are intimately interwoven. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 132 | Primary emotions - (diagram) | 9 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 134 | Secondary emotions involve the prefrontal cortex and the somatosensory cortices as well as structures in the limbic system. | 2 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 137 | Secondary emotions - (diagram) | 3 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 138 | Prefrontal patients can have primary emotions. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 139 | Limbic system damage in the amygdala or anterior cingulate usually implies a more pervasive impairment of both primary and secondary emotions. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 139 | Feeling - the experience of all the changes that constitute an emotional response. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 139 | Damage to limbic system impairs the processing of primary emotion; damage to prefrontal cortices compromises the processing of secondary emotions. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 142 | Difference between facial expressions of genuine and make-believe emotions. | 3 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 142 | Smiles of real joy and smiles of politeness. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 143 | What is a feeling? Some feelings relate to emotions; many that do not; all emotions generate feelings. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 143 | Background feelings - those that do not originate in emotions. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 145 | Feel and emotion - (diagram) | 2 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 150 | Background feeling, a body state prevailing between emotions. | 5 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 150 | When we feel happiness, anger, or another emotion, the background feeling has been superseded by an emotional feeling. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 159 | Feelings are first and foremost about the body, the cognition of our visceral and musculoskeletal state. | 9 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 159 | Body images give to other images a quality of goodness or badness, of pleasure or pain. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 160 | Chemicals involved in emotions and moods are not enough to explain how we feel. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 160 | Endorphins are the brains own morphine and can change how we feel about ourselves. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 160 | Neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, as well as neuromodulators can also change how we feel about ourselves. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 163 | Emotion and feeling - (diagram) | 3 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 182 | Entire prefrontal region seems dedicated to categorizing contingencies. | 19 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Different domains of knowledge are categorized in different prefrontal regions. | 1 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Bioregulatory and social domain have affinity for the ventromedial sector. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Domains that subsume knowledge of the external world align with the dorsolateral region. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Prefrontal cortices are directly connected to every avenue of motor and chemical response available to the brain. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Dorsolateral and upper medial sectors can activate the premotor cortices and from there the primary motor cortices, the supplementary motor area, and the third motor area. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Subcortical motor machinery of the basal ganglia is accessible to the prefrontal cortices. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Ventromedial prefrontal cortices send signals to autonomic nervous system effectors and can promote chemical responses associated with emotion out of the hypothalamus and brain stem. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 183 | Prefrontal cortices, particularly the ventromedial sector can acquire a three-way link between (1) body state, (2) the individual's unique experience, (3) effectors of those body states. | 0 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 190 | Natural selection works by conserving something that works, selecting other devices that can cope with complexity. | 7 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | 194 | Gut feeling | 4 | ||
| Damasio; Descartes' Error | |||||