Edelman;
Remembered Present |
|
|
Book |
Page |
|
Topic |
|
|
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
10 |
|
Theory of Neuronal Group
Selection (TNGS) |
|
|
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
37 |
|
Neural Darwinism |
|
27 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
41 |
|
Rich nervous systems like those
of vertebrates cannot have
precise, prespecified, point-to-point wiring. |
|
4 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
43 |
|
Theory of Neuronal Group
Selection (TNGS) - (1) Developmental selection, (2)
Experimental selection, (3) Reentry |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
45 |
|
Three fundamental mechanisms in
neuronal group selection - (diagram) |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
49 |
|
Perception is the adaptive
discrimination of an object or event from background. |
|
4 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
51 |
|
Although single
neurons could occasionally
serve as units of
selection, in general, only collections of neurons in groups provide a sufficient
basis
for mapping
interactions. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
64 |
|
Primary consciousness is supposed to arise as a result of reentrant circuits connecting special
memory functions to those mediating current perceptual categorizations. |
|
13 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
67 |
|
Some anatomical patterns showing
reentrant connectivity. - (diagram) |
|
3 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
72 |
|
Reentrant integration obviates the need for a higher-level command center. |
|
5 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
91 |
|
Consciousness
is a process; it depends upon the particular organization of certain parts of the brain, and not upon the whole brain. |
|
19 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
92 |
|
Proposed adaptive
functions of consciousness - (table) |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
93 |
|
Memory is a
process of continual recategorization. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
93 |
|
Learning
involves relating perceptual categorization and memory to a definite set of values. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
101 |
|
Mental image
- reentrant
connection of the value-category memory to cortical systems carrying out perceptual categorizations. |
|
8 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
109 |
|
Memory arises from alterations of synaptic efficacies in global
mappings
as a result of facilitation of particular categorizations or of motor patterns. |
|
8 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
120 |
|
Brain deals
mainly with patterns of movement, more specifically
with gestures. [FAPs] |
|
11 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
121 |
|
Synergy
- a class
of related gestures. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
121 |
|
Perceptual categorization depends upon global mappings that relate gestural movements to sensory signals. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
121 |
|
Global mappings are dynamic systems consisting of multiple reentrant
local maps that correlate sensory input with motor activity. [Fuster's
perception-action cycle] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
121 |
|
Cerebellum, motor cortex, spinal cord, contribute to global mappings that allow smooth succession of
movements. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
121 |
|
Categorization of motion, particularly in novel tasks and situations; categorization of gestures. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
122 |
|
Cerebellum has a very large sensory input. Mossy fiber
inputs come from spinal
cord tracts serving somatosensory roles as well as
from vestibular nuclei and the pons. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
122 |
|
Cerebellum receives climbing
fiber inputs arising
in the inferior olive. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
122 |
|
Simplified diagram of basic
features of working of cerebellum with brain
stem area and cerebral
cortex. Pons, mossy fiber
projection, granular cell layer of
cerebellar cortex; Inferior
Olive, climbing fibers to Purkinje cells. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
124 |
|
Motor cortex
signals initiating a movement is relayed via climbing fibers to Purkinje cell. Connections with the inferior olive are involved in sequencing these signals. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum
- rapid
response to successive
sensory inputs; "sculpt"
a series of cortical or spinal outputs for gestures. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum acts to carry out synchronization and reflex gain
control in motor programs, but it is not
likely to initiate motor
sequences. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum
is a modulating device, working with the cortex to categorize together the smooth
succession of motions in gestures and the succession of gestures in synergies. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Selection of spontaneous
gestures
during motor
learning.
[FAPs] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Rapid, parallel sensory activity engaging many parts of the cerebellum in different successions that yields the
basis of the smoothing
of motor activity that is essential to
the categorical perceptions leading to consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Motor activity is rapid and reflexive and is carried out in global mappings without
conscious intervention. [FAPs] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum is essential in early
motor learning that relates the categorization
of gestures to perceptual categorizations. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum contributes to feature
correlation and is an indispensable early component in forming the basis of memory and ultimately of primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
126 |
|
Cerebellum
has no direct role in consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
127 |
|
Succession
of such perceptual categorizations yielding a short-term
memory,
critical to consciousness; hippocampus as an organ of succession. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
127 |
|
Structure of the cortex suggests that it has no direct role in linking categorizations that are successive in time. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
128 |
|
Hippocampus anatomy and principal connections |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
128 |
|
Major
efferents of the hippocampal formation travel in a massive fiber bundle, the fornix. |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
128 |
|
Another portion of the fornix contains fibers traveling to the mammillary
bodies,
which in turn connect to the anterior
ventral nucleus of the
thalamus, then to the cingulate
gyrus,
and other regions of the limbic such as the entorhinal cortex itself. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
128 |
|
Route from
the hippocampus via mammillary bodies and thalamus to the cingulate gyrus makes up the outer loop of the limbic system sometimes
called the Papez loop. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
129 |
|
Hippocampus is one of the regions engaged in matching perceptually
significant input from sensory
stimuli
with subcortical signals arising from centers mediating adaptive
internal values and hedonic
states. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
129 |
|
Septal inputs and other
subcortical inputs can influence the structure of firing patterns in the hippocampus and alter the
efficiency of global
mappings. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
129 |
|
Hippocampus
role in attention
states and in laying down long-term
value-category memory in the cortex. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
129 |
|
Hippocampus
inner-loop structure links the entorhinal area to the hippocampal subfields and the subiculum. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
129 |
|
Extrinsic
connections that link the entorhinal
area and the cingulate to a large variety of secondary or tertiary areas in the
temporal, frontal and parietal cortices are strongly reentrant. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Entorhinal area is small in comparison with the various input and output areas, suggesting extensive convergence and divergence in the circuitry. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Within the hippocampus, main input from the entorhinal area proceeds into the dentate
fascia via granule cell mossy fibers to the pyramidal cells of subfield CA3. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
CA3 cells send Schaffer
collaterals to the pyramidal cells of subfield CA1, which in turn
connect to the subiculum. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Subiculum connects back to the entorhinal area to close the loop. Edelman calls this
the inner loop. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Laminar
structure of the subfields is essentially made of a single layer of principal cells in CA1, CA3, and dentate
fascia. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Fornical-thalamocortical path |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Fornical
connections
terminating in
the cingulate cortex originate exclusively in the subiculum. Reentry from the subiculum to the entorhinal area. Edelman calls this the outer loop. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Brain stem
and hypothalamic
inputs
enter the septum, which sends reentrant connections to the entorhinal area. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Fornical outputs connect to the mammillary bodies, then to the thalamus, and then to the cingulate gyrus. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
130 |
|
Edelman's outer loop including the fornix connecting the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus is important for
primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
131 |
|
Cortical areas involving different
modalities
terminate on a given
portion of the entorhinal area. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
131 |
|
Excitation
in a particular part of the entorhinal area passes through the inner hippocampal loop and finds its way back roughly into the cortical region where it started 10-20 msec earlier. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
131 |
|
Through reentry, a number of the hippocampal groups would be repeatedly activated, allowing synaptic change involving long-term potentiation
and
an integrated response
to perceptual input. |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
132 |
|
Hippocampal
anatomy;
convergent-divergent reentrant loop to the cortex; synaptic
change by LTP; fornical connections related to value; temporal
ordering of perceptual categorizations; short-term
memory over seconds to minutes; initiation of long-term memory. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
133 |
|
Succession of motor and sensory components of perceptual categorization may be related to a special long-term memory system. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
133 |
|
Long-term memory links past value-category associations to present
categorized input in a way to yield the basis of primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
133 |
|
Succession, planning, and choice; the Basal
Ganglia |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
133 |
|
Motor programs
are sets of muscle commands put together before the beginning of a movement sequence. [Stereotyped motor programs, hierarchies of
FAPs] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
133 |
|
Motor programs permit the movement
sequence to be carried out without peripheral feedback and are linked by the
motor system into complexes. [Stereotyped motor
programs, hierarchies of FAPs] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
134 |
|
Parallel organization of the functionally segregated circuits going to and from cortex to basal ganglia to thalamus and back to cortex. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
135 |
|
Main anatomical
connections of the basal ganglia and their relation to the cerebral cortex. - (diagram) |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
136 |
|
Parkinson's disease, nigral dopaminergic neurons are destroyed; central role of the
basal ganglia in motion and in the construction of motor plans. [Stereotyped motor programs, hierarchies
of FAPs] |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
137 |
|
Cerebellum, signaling of errors in movement control, 300 msec
intervals or less, timing and synchronization of smooth movements. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
138 |
|
Organs of Succession - (table) |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
138 |
|
Hippocampus is important in connecting
perceptual responses to the flux of external events, its responses
extend
over time periods
longer than the cerebellum. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
139 |
|
Hippocampus is necessary for long-term memory, but does not subserve it. Changes in cortical
synapses subserve
long-term memory. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
139 |
|
Successions directly
controlled by the hippocampus concern events in
reentrant systems related to short-term
memory,
act in time periods up to
minutes. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
139 |
|
Basal ganglia may be involved in choices and initiations of output during planning
of successions of motor programs, main activity is in short time periods, between 300 msec and several seconds. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
139 |
|
Basal ganglia are among the
major areas to increase in size during evolution of the mammalian
brain in the therapsid-mammalian
transition and during primate
evolution. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
139 |
|
Cortex has the major
correlative role in perceptual
categorization.
Perceptual experience and memory of any duration require the interactive
ensemble of the cortex and its appendages. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
140 |
|
Primary consciousness links immediate perceptual
categorization to memory. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
140 |
|
Value-category memory, essential for primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
140 |
|
Animals without true linguistic abilities, such as chimpanzees, have concepts. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
140 |
|
Ability to have concepts is acquired
prior to language. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
141 |
|
An animal capable of concepts is able to identify a particular thing or action and control its future behavior on the basis of that identification. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
142 |
|
Perceptual categorization, long-term memory, and learning are all necessary
capacities for concept
formation. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Frontal, prefrontal, and temporal cortex and the basal ganglia; together are good candidates to mediate
the formation of concepts. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Lobsters
and perhaps even birds do not have concepts; dogs might. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Brain areas for
concept formation include frontal (and possibly temporal and parietal) neocortex and basal ganglia. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Global mappings are dynamic
metastable patterns of
activity
involving mapped classification couples and nonmapped regions. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Global mappings involve large
parts of the brain and various
combinations of local
maps for different
modalities. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
143 |
|
Global mappings involve both spatial and temporal relations. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
144 |
|
Concept formation: categorize,
discriminate, and recombine patterns of activity in different
kinds of global mappings. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
144 |
|
Brain structures responsible for concept formation: mainly frontal,
temporal and parietal cortex and basal ganglia. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
144 |
|
Prelinguistic infants appear to be able to construct concepts. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Connections via the basal ganglia could provide the necessary pathway for concepts of action. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Relate limbic activities to particular comparator functions of the cortical
regions
including cingulate cortex. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Through reentry, the frontal, parietal and temporal cortex may compare
the activities
of different combinations of brain regions, composing portions of global mappings. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Cortical areas could give rise to classifications of global
mappings. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Frontal cortex ability to recombine
or compare different portions of global mappings. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
Frontal cortex connections to basal ganglia and limbic system, establish
relations among values and categorizations of sensory
experience. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
145 |
|
In the proposed model for concepts, brain categorizes its own activities. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
146 |
|
Long-term memories used in concept formation. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
146 |
|
Concept formation essential for primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
147 |
|
Concept formation is not the same as thinking, deducing, or inducing. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
148 |
|
Thought
- the
building of conceptual theories about the world. |
|
1 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
151 |
|
Perceptual categorization occurs through disjunctive sampling sensorimotor systems
yielding signals
to local reentrant maps, which interact to give global mappings that are continually modified by behavior and particularly by movements. |
|
3 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
151 |
|
Cerebellum
and cortex provide a basis for smooth movement patterns or
synergies. [Stereotyped motor
programs, hierarchies of FAPs] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Short-term memory emerges in terms of successions of
categories that depend upon cyclic
reentry between various cortical regions and the hippocampus. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Portions of the cortex become
adapted to classifying
different types of global mappings leading to a conceptual memory. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Learning
arises as a specific linkage between category and value in terms of adaptive
responses that lead to changes in behavior. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Patterns of
internal value and hedonic responses are based on
evolutionary selection for homeostatic and
endocrine functions mediated by brain-stem and limbic structures in particular
phenotypes. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Matching or linking between category and value is based on two
very different kinds of nervous structures and functions: (1) the limbic and brain-stem system, (2)
the thalamocortical
system. |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Limbic and brain-stem system;
appetitive, consummatory, and defensive behavior; includes the hypothalamus,
brain-stem reticular formation, amygdala, hippocampus, and septum; receives
much interoceptive input from many different organ systems and the autonomic
nervous system. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Limbic and brain-stem system;
temporal responses occur in slow cycles. Loops depend extensively on
biochemical as well as neural circuits. Appeared in evolution well before the
cortex and its thalamic connections. |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Thalamocortical system; strongly linked to
exteroceptors; consists of thalamocortical
reentrant system, primary and secondary sensory areas, and association areas; strongly linked
to the main cortical appendages, cerebellum,
hippocampus, and basal
ganglia. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Thalamocortical system main functions are correlated with perceptual and conceptual
categorization, memory, and learning. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Thalamocortical system is highly interconnected, reentrant, and layered local synaptic structure. Appeared as a later
evolutionary development permitting increasingly
sophisticated motor behavior. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
152 |
|
Cortical systems served to extend the range of adaptive behavior in increasingly complex environments both to reduce threat and to serve appetitive needs. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
153 |
|
Matching of
the two disparate neural systems, limbic
and thalamocortical,
with the emergence of connective patterns. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
153 |
|
Loci candidates for matching
between the two systems: fornix and septal systems, hippocampus, temporal
cortex, forebrain, and cingulate gyrus. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
153 |
|
Value is
mainly self-determined; evolutionary and ethological constraints related to the phenotype. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
154 |
|
Categorized exteroceptive
signals and interoceptive signals reflect homeostatic needs. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
154 |
|
Primary consciousness arises as a discriminative comparison of previous "self
categories"
with the current or immediately categorized
exteroceptive input. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
155 |
|
Perceptual experience arises from the correlation by a conceptual memory of an ongoing set of perceptual categorizations. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
155 |
|
Categorizations perforce involve motor acts, so actions and responses are a key part of the consciousness model. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
155 |
|
Discriminative comparison between a value-dominated memory
involving the conceptual
system and
current ongoing perceptual categorization that generates primary consciousness of objects and events. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
155 |
|
Primary consciousness results from the interaction in real time between memories of past value-category correlations and present
world input as it is categorized by global mappings. |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
155 |
|
Consciousness is an outcome of a recursively comparative memory in which previous
self-nonself categorizations are continually related to ongoing present perceptual categorizations and their short-term succession. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
156 |
|
Edelman's
Primary Consciousness Model - (diagram) |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
157 |
|
Primary consciousness depends on the difference in the workings
of two different neural orders
-- (1) regulatory
changes that are relatively
slow, and
(2) highly dense, rapidly changing exteroceptive
input. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
157 |
|
Memory as recategorization plays a major
role in all neural
processes leading to
primary consciousness. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
158 |
|
Reentry has a strong temporal and rhythmic character. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
160 |
|
Prefrontal cortex -- formation of motor plans and their conversion via the basal ganglia and motor cortex to motor programs. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
160 |
|
Prefrontal cortex is concerned with recognition
of novelty; with foresight,
choice and attention. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
160 |
|
Orbital and
mediolateral portions
of the prefrontal lobe are functionally
correlated with emotional alterations and disinhibition of behavior. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
161 |
|
Prefrontal area is important in short-term memory, anticipatory set, formation of concepts, presyntax, and attentional suppression of interference. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
162 |
|
Prefrontal cortex is an example of an area carrying out C[C(W) C(I)]. [see Sidebars - Consciousness - "Edelman's Core Consciousness Diagram"] |
|
1 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
162 |
|
C(I) takes
place at the midbrain level through the mesencephalic reticular formation and the diencephalic
level
through hypothalamic responses. It
receives input from autonomic and visceral systems. [see Sidebars - Consciousness - "Edelman's
Core Consciousness Diagram"] |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
163 |
|
C(W) occurs
via the thalamocortical
systems leading to primary and secondary cortex for each modality and via loops involving the motor cortex. Smoothing of responses by the cerebellum. [see Sidebars - Consciousness - "Edelman's Core Consciousness Diagram"] |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
163 |
|
[C(W) C(I)] occurs in the amygdala, septum,
and hippocampal formation, along with the basal
ganglia.
[see Sidebars
- Consciousness - "Edelman's
Core Consciousness Diagram"] |
|
0 |
Edelman; Remembered Present |
163 |
|
C[C(W) C(I)] is likely to occur as a result of global mappings (involving all cortical appendages at one time
or another) in frontal, parietal, temporal, and cingulate cortex. [see Sidebars - Consciousness - "Edelman's
Core Consciousness Diagram"] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
163 |
|
Reentrant process between C(W) and C[C(W) C(I)] that leads to
primary consciousness. [see Sidebars - Consciousness - "Edelman's Core Consciousness
Diagram"] |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
166 |
|
Reentrant model of primary consciousness
implies that considerable neural processing is required before registration of a percept. |
|
3 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
201 |
|
Input to the motor
cortex leads to output
to the spinal cord, which causes
particular movements in accordance with motor plans. |
|
35 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
201 |
|
Output from
the motor cortex
is
routed to the basal ganglia, which disinhibits the thalamus; this leads to anticipatory
arousal of specific cortical areas, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to the cerebral cortex. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Attention
and consciousness -
neuronal connections in the vertebrate central nervous system that may
mediate attention and motor programming. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Motor and premotor cortices
project to inhibitory neurons in the striatum. These then prevent the
spontaneous firing of pallidal and nigral neurons, which send inhibitory
signals to VM, VA, and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Distribution of thalamocortical
neurons may enhance the sensitivity of neurons in primary and sensory
cortical areas. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
All components of the attention and consciousness system are innervated by diffuse ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons in the brain stem. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Neuroanatomical connections in the mammalian cortex may underlie the reentrant neuronal circuits involved in motor programs, attention, and consciousness. - (diagram) |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Subcortical structures that may be involved in attention and consciousness: globus pallidus/substantia nigra; thalamic
nuclei; brain stem nuclei. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
202 |
|
Brain stem structures: LC, locus
ceruleus;
PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; RN, raphe nucleus; VTA, vertical
tegmental area. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
204 |
|
Basal ganglia serve to specify which cortical areas will be
reinforced. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
204 |
|
Anticipatory sustained
enhancement of neuronal sensitivity may have been the chief contribution of the attention system in early
vertebrates,
leading to the subsequent evolution of higher brain functions. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
204 |
|
Frontal and prefrontal areas are necessary for the
formation of concepts related to motor plans. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
206 |
|
Hippocampus
and basal ganglia, both organs of
succession, may be
required to maintain focal
attention. |
|
2 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
206 |
|
Recovery of a particular
episode of attention requires short-term memory. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
207 |
|
Machinery
of perceptual categorization - classification couples and global
mappings. |
|
1 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
207 |
|
Conceptual categorization is recombinational and relational. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
211 |
|
Memory is
an ability -- the ability to recategorize. |
|
4 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
211 |
|
Veridicality
of what is remembered cannot be described in terms of information theory, because a given memory is not replicative. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
211 |
|
Dream states represent a state
of consciousness in which there is a sharp decrease in world (W) input. |
|
0 |
Edelman;
Remembered Present |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|