| Stuart Hameroff, et.al.; Science of Consciousness III | |||||
| Book | Page | Topic | |||
| Kaszniak; Neural Correlates | 85 | Neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) | |||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 87 | Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon | 2 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 90 | A model system is a system in which the phenomenon of interest manifests itself in a particularly clear form. | 3 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 91 | Dreaming brain as an excellent source of both a model system and a metaphor of the phenomenal level of organization. | 1 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 94 | Primates are not directly aware of neural activation in area V1, but may be aware of activity in other visual cortical areas. | 3 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 95 | Hypothesis that high frequency neural oscillations around 40-Hz are associated with the binding of visual percepts into coherent wholes. [Gestalts] [thalamocortical system] [Edelman's dynamic core] | 1 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 95 | Event related to 40-Hz synchronization was observed 500-300 ms before visual awareness of a coherent percept was reported, at right posterior and occipital electrodes sites. | 0 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 95 | 40 Hz activity seems to participate in the construction of the unified percept, perhaps by rapidly binding spatially distributed neural populations together. [Gestalts] [thalamocortical system] [Edelman's dynamic core] | 0 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 96 | Empirically-based science of consciousness will depend on whether we are able to take consciousness seriously as a biological phenomenon in the brain. | 1 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 96 | How the brain generates the mind and consciousness. | 0 | ||
| Revonsuo; Cognitive Neuroscience | 96 | Bizarre philosophical speculations on the nature of consciousness. | 0 | ||
| Vollenweider; Hallucinogen Altered States | 103 | Thalamocortical loop model of sensory information processing. (diagram) [recursion] [Bayesian inference] [Fuster's perception-action cycle] | 7 | ||
| Schwartz; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | 111 | Systematic cerebral changes after psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). | 8 | ||
| Schwartz; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | 111 | There has emerged a growing consensus that brain circuitry contained within the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus and the basal ganglia is intimately involved in the expression of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). | 0 | ||
| Chalmers; Vision and Consciousness | 123 | Consciousness research work or monkeys and other mammals has focused on the question of whether the correlates of visual consciousness is located in primary visual cortex (V1) or later visual stages. | 12 | ||
| Milner; Visual Brain | 128 | Evolution has provided primates with a complex patchwork of visual areas occupying the posterior 50% or so of the cerebral cortex. | 5 | ||
| Milner; Visual Brain | 128 | Two broad streams of projections have been identified in the monkey brain, each originating from the primary visual area (V1) -- a ventral stream projecting eventually to the inferior temporal (IT) cortex, and a dorsal stream projecting to the posterior parietal (PP) cortex. | 0 | ||
| Milner; Visual Brain | 129 | Ventral stream plays a critical role in the identification and recognition of objects. | 1 | ||
| Milner; Visual Brain | 129 | Dorsal stream mediates the localization of objects. | 0 | ||
| Milner; Visual Brain | 129 | The distinction in the ventral and dorsal streams of visual processing has become known as the "what" and "where" pathways of vision. | 0 | ||
| Kentridge; Blindsight | 149 | Blindsight is the term coined by Weiskrantz (1974) to describe the condition in which subjects with damage to their primary visual cortex are able to perform simple visual tasks in the area of visual space corresponding to their brain damage while maintaining that they have no visual experience there. | 20 | ||
| Kentridge; Blindsight | 149 | Close relationship between attention and consciousness. | 0 | ||
| Kentridge; Blindsight | 150 | Dissociation between attention and awareness can be made in terms of the nature of attentional control. | 1 | ||
| Kentridge; Blindsight | 150 | Voluntary direction of attention, in which memories are invoked in order to guide attention, is associated with awareness, whereas automatic direction of attention, in which a sensory stimulus catches attention for the processing of subsequent stimuli, can take place without awareness. | 0 | ||
| Kentridge; Blindsight | 151 | Using brain imaging, researchers have associated the voluntary control of attention with activity in the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas automatic direction of attention is associated with parietal cortex. | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 165 | From Grasping to Language: Mirror Neurons and our agenda of social communication. | 14 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 165 | Monkey premotor cortex and area F5. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 166 | Premotor cortex lies rostral to the primary motor cortex. | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 167 | Monkey premotor cortex area F5 is reciprocally connected with the hand field of the primary motor cortex. | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 167 | F5 neurons code movement in quite abstract terms. They become active only if a particular type of action is executed. The metaphor of a "motor vocabulary" has been introduced to conceptualize the function of these neurons. [Stereotyped motor programs] [FAPs] | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 167 | Either when the action is self generated or externally generated, only a few "words" need to be selected. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 168 | Within the context of a motor "vocabulary," motor action can be can be conceived as a simple assembly of words. [Stereotyped motor programs] [FAPs] | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 168 | It was during the study of visual properties of grasping neurons that mirror neurons were discovered. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 170 | Mirror neuron systems in humans. | 2 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 174 | Mirror neurons may provide a neurological basis to account for the emergence of language. | 4 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 174 | Language skill has emerged through evolution by means of a process of preadaptation. Specific behaviors and nervous structures supporting them, originally selected for other purposes, acquire new functions that eventually supersede the previous ones. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 174 | Specialization for language in human Broca's region derives from an ancient mechanism, the mirror system, originally devised for action understanding. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 174 | The finding from brain imaging experiments that in humans the observation of hand actions activates Broca's region, an area classically considered to be mainly involved the speech control. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 175 | Area 5 in monkeys and part of Broca's region in humans can be considered homologs. Both regions are endowed with hand and mouth motor representations. | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 175 | Motor mouth representations expanded enormously in humans in relation to the high demanding requirements of words emission. [Stereotyped motor programs] [FAPs] | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 175 | Root the origin of language as a system related to gestures recognition, since language remains essentially speech production. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 175 | Vocal calls are commonly uttered by a nonhuman primates. These are usually emitted in response to emotional events, and appear to be related to instinctual behavior. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 176 | Anatomical structures responsible for the control of vocal call emissions are represented by the cingulate cortex together with diencephalic and brainstem structures. | 1 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 176 | Gesture recognition is an action/perception matching system. | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 176 | Specialization for language of the left hemisphere of humans is independent of language modality (e.g. deaf signers). | 0 | ||
| Gallese; Mirror Neurons | 176 | Broca's region likely became a language area within a process of evolutionary continuity between its homologue precursor area, monkey premotor area F5, which well before language appeared was already endowed with the capacity of recognizing gestures. Mirror neurons are the neuronal basis of this capacity. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 201 | Four components of emotion: (1) physiological (CNS and autonomic) arousal, (2) cognitive appraisal, (3) subjective experience, (4) action tendency (including facial expression). | 25 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 201 | For most people, emotion is identified with feeling, and thus inextricably linked to consciousness. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 201 | In humans, autonomic physiological and motoric aspects of emotion can occur in response to an emotional stimulus that is not consciously recognized or outside of attentional focus. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 201 | Although some cognitive appraisal (in terms of positive or negative valuation in relation to personal goals, needs states, or self-preservation) may be a necessary condition for emotional arousal, such appraisals may not be necessarily be conscious. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 201 | Amygdala is a key structure in both the stimulus evaluation of threatening events and the production of defensive responses. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 202 | Amygdala mediated defensive responses appear to be evolutionarily selected, involuntary, automatic consequences of the initial rapid evaluation of stimulus significance, and do not require cortical mediation. | 1 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 202 | Amygdala that can perform its role in the processing of emotional stimuli nonconsciously. | 0 | ||
| Kaszniak; Emotion and Frontal Lobe Damage | 202 | LeDoux as hypothesized three distinct neural systems to be involved in the conscious experience of emotion: (1) inputs from the amygdala to the cortex, (2) inputs from the amygdala to nonspecific brainstem arousal systems (which then broadcast diffusely to the cortex), (3) feedback to the amygdala and cortical areas from the bodily expressions (e.g., facial muscle movement, autonomically mediated visceral changes) of emotion. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 217 | Affect in humans involves a composite of the following elements: (1) precipitating event, (2) assessment of the precipitating events meaning, (3) subjective experiences along an intrinsic pain/pleasure axis, (4) motor activations, (5) complex autonomic physiological changes. | 15 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 218 | Three global state functions (affect, attentional functions, and executive functions (volition)) must be linchpins in any viable theory of consciousness. | 1 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 218 | Affective functions are associated with a very diffusely distributed "limbic system" that almost seems to include just about every area of the brain except the idiotypic cortex. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 218 | Extended notions about the limbic system include a host of prefrontal, paralimbic, telencephalic basal forebrain and subcortical gray matter systems (including the ventral basal ganglia, septal regions, and amygdala) many diencephalic regions, particularly anterior thalamus and hypothalamus, midbrain areas, and monoaminergic portions of the brainstem core. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | RAS -- Reticular Activating System, believed to be the center of arousal and motivation in mammals. | 1 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Attentional functions have been largely "localized" to the RAS-MRF-thalamic loops, several other thalamic regions, prefrontal regions/associated basal ganglia, and paralimbic, parietal, and heteromodal right hemisphere systems. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Executive functions have largely been "localized" to three parallel prefrontal-striatal-thalamic loops centered in dorsolateral, orbital and medial prefrontal regions. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Affective functions, attentional functions, and executive functions are all thought to be crucially dependent upon right hemisphere systems. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Affective, attentional, and executive functions should be conceptualized as different aspects of global integration architectures. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | The most critical aspect of attention relates to its executive aspects (what a person decides to focus upon, or what "grabs" attention), as these frames established the content of working memory and what is behaviorally relevant. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Goals (wish/fear based) -- what is emotionally important and relevant has a major impact on defining foci of attention (the frames for working memory). | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 219 | Affective activations critically influence and modulate executive functions, having their strongest impact on learning new paradigms for behavior -- affects are the great internal reinforcers. | 0 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 220 | Executive function is geared globally toward maximizing pleasurable affect and minimizing painful affect. | 1 | ||
| Watt; Emotion and Consciousness | 220 | Diseases that impair affective experience invariably affect motivation, emphasizing the specious nature of any distinction between motivation and emotion. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 281 | Archaeological records suggest that material culture may play a similar role to that of language in terms of structuring, perhaps forming, our thoughts and consciousness. | 61 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 281 | Material artifacts are as much tools for thought as of language: tools for exploring, expanding, and manipulating our own minds. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 281 | Evolution of material culture is inextricably linked with the evolution of consciousness. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 282 | Homo sapiens sapiens is closely related to the great apes, having shared a common ancestor with the chimpanzee between 5 and 6 million years ago. | 1 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 282 | Between 4.5 and 1 million years ago, there are several australopithecine species; the most famous is Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis, with her joint arboreal and terrestrial adaptation. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 282 | Emergence of large brained hominids after 2 million years ago, who were manufacturing Oldowan stone tools and eating greater quantities of meat seem likely to be associated with significant cognitive developments. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 282 | A little after 250,000 years ago, several hominid species had brains as large as ours today, but their behavior lacks any sign of art or symbolic behavior. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 284 | In the Out-of-Africa origins for modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens first appeared in Africa sometime before 100,000 years ago. Modern humans then dispersed throughout the Old and New Worlds, so that by 28,000 years ago, Homo sapiens sapiens was the only surviving member of our genus on the planet. | 2 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 284 | After 50,000 years ago we have unambiguous traces of art and symbols, notably the cave paintings from France, first produced 30,000 years ago. | 0 | ||
| Mithen; Hand Axes and Evolution of Consciousness | 284 | Sometime during the evolutionary history of modern humans, modern forms of consciousness evolved. | 0 | ||