| Holland; Emergence | |||||
| Holland; Hidden Order | |||||
| Book | Page | Topic | |||
| Holland; Emergence | 85 | Pulses throughout the CNS are pretty much the same size; amplitude carries little information beyond the presence or absence of a pulse. | |||
| Holland; Emergence | 85 | If enough pulses arrive at the surface of a neuron during a short interval of tiime, the neuron fires, propagating a new pulse down its own axon. | 0 | ||
| Holland; Emergence | 85 | The time it takes the body of a neuron to integrate incoming information is long compared with the time it takes a pulse to propagate between neurons. This time for processing of input information by each neuron sets the rate at which a network of neurons can function. | 0 | ||
| Holland; Emergence | 85 | The efficiency of neurotransmitter pulses in a synapse depends on the past history of pulses crossing the synapse. An unrelated metaphor - exercise can improve muscle efficiency; disuse can decrease it. Can think of synapses as weighted according to past experience. | 0 | ||
| Holland; Emergence | 86 | Model the CNS: - Activity of the CNS is described by which neurons are firing during a given time step. Uniformity of pulses; each pulse is either 'on' or 'off.' | 1 | ||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 4 | At the Sante Fe Institute we refer to these complex adaptive systems as (CAS). | |||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 5 | Behavior of a whole CAS is more than the simple sum of the behaviors of its parts; CAS abound in nonlinearities. | 1 | ||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 6 | CAS are made up of large numbers of active elements. | 1 | ||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 9 | Adaptive changes in individual neurons in the nervous system take from seconds to hours. | 3 | ||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 33 | The brain fashions an internal model of the external world as a basis for prediction and exploration of alternatives. (e.g., mental exploration of possible move sequences in chess) | 24 | ||
| Holland; Hidden Order | 69 | Krebs Cycle: - natural molecular building block developed early in evolutionary history, used by a wide range of species; a basic eight-step metabolic cycle, common to almost all cells that use oxygen, ranging from aerobic bacteria to humans. | 36 | ||