| Horstman; Sci. Am., Book of Love, Sex, and the Brain | |||||
| Book | Page | Topic | |||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 1 | What Is This Thing Called Love? | |||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Love Potions -- chemicals most involved in sex, love, and bonding. | 23 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Testosterone -- steroid hormone that makes men male and drives their aggression and sexual urges, but it's also key for desire in women, where it's produced in much smaller amounts. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Estrogen -- steroid hormone that makes women female, regulates reproductive cycles and menstruation, and is important for mental health. Men need some estrogen for sperm production and possibly desire. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Progesterone -- the hormone of pregnancy. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Dopamine -- lust is enhanced by dopamine, a neurohormone of many roles produced by the hypothalamus, which triggers the release of testosterone, the hormone that drives sexual desire in women as well as men. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Oxytocin -- love is supported by oxytocin, a hormone excreted by the pituitary. In both men and women (but more in women), it increases during sex and surges at orgasm. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Vasopressin -- resembles and acts much like oxytocin, facilitating and coordinating reward circuits crucial for bonding. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 24 | Norepinephrine -- also known as adrenaline, produced and released by the adrenal glands in times of stress and excitement. A little bit hypes desire; too much can increase anxiety or tension. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 25 | Serotonin -- helps regulate memory, emotion, sleep, appetite, and mood. Too little serotonin is connected with depression, and too much serotonin withers sexual desire (as those on serotonin-enhancing antidepressants know all too well). | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 25 | Endorphins-- act as hormones and neurotransmitters to reduce pain sensations and increase pleasure. These are the body's natural narcotics. They surge with exercise, orgasm, and love. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 25 | There is a balancing act among all of these love-related hormones that may help explain some of the progression of love from hot, mad lust and sex, to comfortable, loving companionship. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 26 | Brain scans show that love involves a network of areas in the brain, regardless of the object of your affections. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 26 | fMRI studies of brains of those madly in romantic passionate love shows the brain areas involved in emotion, motivation, reward, social cognition, attention, and self-representation. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 26 | fMRI studies of brains of those madly in romantic passionate love show activity in the same brain regions that are buzzing when they are under the influence of cocaine, especially the dopaminergic subcortical system (including the ventral tegmental area and caudate nucleus). | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 26 | Neural activity of love in the brain isn't limited to brain areas related to cocaine. Rather, love activates part of the cognitive system, confirming that love is not only an addiction or a basic emotion. Love is also cognition. Love acts, feels, and thinks. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 26 | Areas in the loving brain concerned with fear, grieving, and self protection, such as the amygdala, were nearly inactive. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 27 | Imaging studies of the maternal brain found overlap with the areas activated in passionate love such as those rich in the dopamine-reward cycle. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 27 | Imaging studies show that different types of love call for different brain networks and that love is more than a basic emotion. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 27 | Even passionate love involves the thinking brain. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 27 | Love is a complex function including appraisals, goal directed motivation, reward, self representation, and body image. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | The brain of a psychopath is a really, really bad case of miswiring or injury; the result could be a brain unable to feel emotion, empathy, or love at all. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Using EEGs and brain scans, scientists have discovered that psychopaths have significant and serious brain defects in areas that affect their ability to relate to others. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | One of the most striking peculiarities of psychopaths is how normal they appear at first. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Most psychopaths often act just like the rest of us. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Ted Bundy, an attractive law student and aide to the governor of the state of Washington, was a mass rapist and murderer of 30 women. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Psychopaths are likable guys when they want to be, but they lack empathy and the most universal and basic social obligations and emotions. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Psychopaths lie and manipulate, commit crimes, and maim and murder and feel no compunction or regret. In fact, they don't feel particularly deeply about anything at all. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 28 | Psychopaths often cover up their deficiencies with a ready and engaging charm, so I can take time to realize what you're dealing with, if you ever do. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Psychopaths make up approximately 1% of the general population. With the estimated 500,000 who are already imprisoned, that translates to approximately 250,000 psychopaths living freely among us in the United States. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Psychopaths can appear not only normal but charming. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Besides a brain scan, experts use a psychopathy checklist. Among the items in the checklist are behaviors and traits such as pathological lying, poor impulse control, proneness to boredom and sexual prime promiscuity, and having many short-term marital relationships. Other traits are a parasitic lifestyle; irresponsibility; a record of crime and conning; lack of empathy, remorse, or guilt; and a failure to accept responsibility for actions. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Although guilty of the most erratic, irresponsible, and sometimes destructive and violent behavior, psychopaths show none of the classic signs of mental illness. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Psychopaths don't have hallucinations or hear voices. They aren't confused, or anxious, or driven by overwhelming compulsions. Nor do they tend to be socially awkward. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Psychopaths are often better-than-average intelligence. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 29 | Nearly every culture on earth has recorded the existence of individuals whose antisocial behavior threatens community peace. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 30 | Phineas Gage lost the use of a part of his ventromedial prefrontal cortex, an area structurally similar to its neighbor, the orbital frontal cortex, which many scientists believe malfunctions in psychopaths. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 30 | The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in sophisticated decision-making tasks that involve sensitivity to risk, reward, and punishment. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | Brains with damaged orbitofrontal cortex develop problems with impulsivity and insight, and lash out in response to perceived affronts. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | Scientific findings suggest that psychopathy is due to errors in several interconnected brain structures that are involved in emotion processing, goal seeking, motivation, and self-control, including part of the thinking brain, the orbitofrontal cortex; the fight-or-flight controlling amygdala; and that paralimbic system. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | fMRI images of psychopaths' brains show a pronounced thinning of the paralimbic tissue. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | The paralimbic system includes the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | The anterior cingulate regulates emotional states and helps people control their impulses and monitor their behavior for mistakes. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | The amygdala generates emotions such as fear. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | The answer love plays a key role in recognizing violations of social norms, as well as in experiencing anger, fear, empathy, discussed, and pain perception. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | Psychopaths are unfazed by pain and notable for their fearlessness: when confronted with images such as a looming attacker or a weapon aimed their way, they let literally don't blink. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 31 | One brain scanning study found that the white matter tract, which connects the amygdala with the orbitofrontal cortex, was significantly different between psychopaths and normal persons. The greater the abnormality, the more extreme the psychopathy. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 32 | Hard-core pedophiles have something wrong in the frontal lobe. Research suggests that pedophiles might have faulty wiring and connections in the brain. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 32 | Research studies using MRIs and computer analysis techniques found that brains of some pedophiles had significantly less white matter in brain regions involved in sexual arousal, suggesting poor connections. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 33 | Loneliness and a lack of relationships is comparable to well-established risk factors for death such as smoking and alcohol consumption. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 33 | Shunning, and abandonment, and forced solitary confinement are among the worst punishments, considered to be cruel and excessive or even akin to torture. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 33 | There is one type of love wired into our basic brain -- that's baby love. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 34 | fMRI imaging has showed that babyish faces prompted an increase in activity and not just the amygdala but also the nucleus accumbens, a key structure of the mesocorticolimbic system connected with the reward. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 39 | The hormone oxytocin is a trigger for love and affection -- the chemical stimulus for pair bonding, trust, generosity, and altruism. | 5 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 40 | Oxytocin encourages bonding between child and parent and bonding in romantic sexual love. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 40 | Oxytocin creates feelings of calm and closeness and appears to be vital for us to form loving connections. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 40 | Children and adults with low levels of oxytocin have been found to have difficulty forming attachments. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 40 | The oxytocin in your mother's body contributed to her attachment and level of attention she paid to you as an infant. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 41 | Oxytocin makes the experience of breast-feeding so pleasurable and intimate for many mothers that they are sorrowful when their babies outgrow the need. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 41 | Vasopressin, which is released in males and orgasm, is also associated with social bonding, parental care, stressed regulation, social communication, and emotional reactivity. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 42 | Happy faces lead to more neural activity than neutral faces, and sad faces generate the least brain response. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 43 | Your mom holds a special place in your heart and in your brain throughout your entire life. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 43 | Even children who have been neglected or abused retain a need for their moms, perhaps based more on hope and dreams rather than on reality. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 51 | Children who are abused develop an attachment to their abuser. | 8 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 53 | The hormone oxytocin is a trigger for love and affection, as is vasopressin. | 2 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 54 | Sigmund Freud famously blamed the problems of the Child on the parents, and he was especially hard on mothers. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 54 | Behaviorists such as B. F. Skinner thought the parents who are responsible, one way or the other, for whatever went wrong with the child. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 60 | Five Genders in the Brain | 6 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 60 | Heterosexual | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 61 | Homosexual | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 61 | Bisexual | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 61 | Transsexual | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 61 | The American Psychological Association estimates that 2 to 3% of biological males engage in cross-dressing as females, at least occasionally. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 61 | Asexual -- people who have no interest in sex whatsoever. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 67 | Brain structure correlates as well or better with psychological gender than the simple biological sex. | 6 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 72 | The Gay Brain Is Born That Way | 5 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 72 | Most homosexuals have known all their lives: sexual orientation is neither a choice nor something in the way people are brought up. It's something influenced by genes and perhaps prenatal factors, and people are born that way. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 73 | Gay men apparently have a distinctive odor for reasons that are as yet largely speculative. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 74 | The chances of being homosexual (all heterosexual) increase if other family members also share that sexual preference. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 74 | Most gays can't switch to straight -- or don't feel very comfortable about it if they do. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 80 | Gender identity is a subjective feeling of "maleness" or "femaleness." | 6 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 80 | When there's a disconnection between a person's biological sex and his or her gender identity, they can be an uncomfortable gender dysphoria -- a persistent negative emotional state that's often a factor in the momentous decision to undergo sex reassignment surgery. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 80 | Homosexuals are represented by a wide spectrum of individuals that includes both "lipstick lesbians" and very masculine gay men. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 80 | Homosexuality in itself is not a transsexual behavior: gay men in general do not want to become women. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 81 | "Gender is between your ears and not between your legs." | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 82 | Sexual desire in the brains of most of us may wax and wane or, as many people on antidepressants have experienced, become virtually nonexistent due to medications, disease, chromosomal abnormalities, or childhood sexual trauma. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 82 | A straight man or a lesbian can't easily change preferences. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 86 | We're all looking for our own true loves, our other halves, the perfect meeting, mating, and merging of two adults who each fulfill what's missing in the other, and that includes sexual union. | 4 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 86 | Mature romantic love embodies our deepest wish: to be totally united with another, mind and body, heart and soul. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 86 | The effects of sexual arousal, response, and orgasm more obvious, but the physiology wasn't well understood until the early 1960s when researchers William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson took a keen interest. Thanks to their exhaustive laboratory research observing people having sex in more than 10,000 cycles from arousal to completion in many interesting and sometimes novel ways, we know much more about what are coyly call the man parts and a lady parts, as well as about what happens in their union. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 87 | Masters and Johnson also showed that women are multiorgasmic. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 88 | Science now shows that love and sex do more than just make you feel great. They are good for your heart, brain, and mine. They ease pain, can improve your thinking and creativity, and can even spur the creation of new brain cells. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 88 | Research has suggested that love, a broad, long-term emotion, triggers global brain processing and creative thinking: the state in which we see the big picture, make broad associations, and connect disparate ideas. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 89 | Neuroscientists seem to agree that all the brain systems for passionate love, sexual desire, and attachment in fact communicate and coordinate with one another. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 89 | Love can trump pain when it activates the brain's reward system. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | Not surprisingly, the same parts of your brain that sit up and sing when you are in love or sexually excited are the ones activated by heroin and music: sex, drugs, and rock 'n roll do go together. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | Sexual pleasure rides our reward system as much is any drug. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | It has been said that orgasm is the most powerful legal high you can get without a prescription. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | The reward system is powerful because it is one of our best survival tools: it makes pleasurable what we need to do to propagate our species to survive. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | Propagation must be very high on the survival list, since the pleasures of sex can be so extremely satisfying and also because the act itself is so downright dangerous: orgasm requires the quieting of our inner sentry, the amygdala, and thus a weakening of our defenses to attack or disaster. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | The powerful rush we feel when newly in love is not really an emotion. It's a reward produced by ancient brain pathways that similarly motivate eating and drinking. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 90 | During the intoxicating early stages of a relationship, "we are driven." The brain encourages an intense focus on the beloved through the reward system. The person we are in love with becomes a goal in our lives. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 91 | fMRI studies of those newly in love show that gazing at his or her sweetheart activated the unconscious neural system associated with the reward. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 91 | Persons who had been in love more than eight months had stronger fMRI signals in cortical areas involved in cognition and emotion. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 91 | fMRI studies show that longer-lasting love does involve our thinking brains. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 91 | Researchers conclude that early romantic love is not an emotion at all but a motivational state. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 91 | In early romantic love, the brain encourages an intense focus on the beloved through the reward system. Then through many neural systems linked to our reward circuitry, we experience other feelings. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 93 | Meditation may change the physical structure of the brain in areas that are important for sensory, cognitive, and emotional processing and improve the ability to pay attention and improve compassion -- all qualities important for making love and bonding. | 2 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 93 | Research shows that meditation can increase concentration. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 93 | Research shows that meditation can increase compassion. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 93 | The insula has been associated with visceral feelings of emotion, a key part of empathizing with another's emotional state. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 93 | The right temporal-parietal junction plays a role in understanding another's emotion. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 95 | People in a committed relationship who have been thinking about their partner actually avert their eyes from attractive members of the opposite sex without even being aware they are doing so. | 2 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | The specifics of sexual arousal are as individual as we are. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | The overall biology igniting our brain's sex drive is darn near universal and something we share with all mammals. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | What we see and smell are our sexiest turn-ons, even before we get to the touching part. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | Love comes in at the eyes -- just one look may be all it takes -- visible cues help us determine in less than a second if we find another person attractive. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | Researchers who have been studying where love works in the brain, say we can tell in a fifth of a second if someone is attractive to us. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | Visual stimulation is especially key for men, which might explain the popularity of pornographic videos, strip clubs, leather, and high heels. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | French scientists showed that the mirror neurons of men who were viewing sexy videos activated in correspondence with the magnitude of their erections. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | The Power of Smell over Sex | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | Smell is key to unlocking powerful memories, especially sense memory, involved in sexual arousal in humans as well as in other animals. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 96 | Smell is one of our oldest senses and is more strongly connected with emotions (which also evolved early) than with reasoning. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Information our brain gets from our sense of smell directs and defines our social, romantic, and sexual relationships. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Our brains react strongly to scent, even very subtle scent. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | We subconsciously use smell to assess another's likability, sexual attractiveness, emotional state, and genetic compatibility. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Through scent, we can discern a stranger from friend, male from female, and even gay from straight. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Problems with the sense of smell often accompany schizophrenia. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | People with Alzheimer's disease typically lose their ability to smell. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Women and men are attracted to the real smell of their mates, not the perfume or after-shave. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Every living organism has some form of chemosensory detection mechanism that enables it to sense threats at a distance. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 97 | Humans have remarkably sophisticated olfactory equipment that our brains depend upon to both guide us to pleasures and warn us of dangers. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | Addicted to Love: Is There Really a Sex Addiction? | 17 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | There is no doubt that sex acts like a drug in the brain. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | Lost love feels like withdrawal. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | Some experts contend that love can be addictive. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | Scientists debate whether addiction is an appropriate term for behaviors such as excessive gambling, shopping, and compulsive sexual activity. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 114 | Behavioral addictions share core characteristics of alcohol and drug addictions: these include extreme indulgence and continued use despite a negative effect on the user. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 148 | Falling and Staying in Love | 34 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 148 | People tend to bond emotionally when aroused through exercise, adventures, or exposure to dangerous situations. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 148 | Novelty heightens the senses, and people tend to grow closer when they are doing something new. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 148 | Proximity and familiarity tend to produce positive feelings. When two people consciously and deliberately allow each other to invade their personal space, feelings of intimacy can grow quickly. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 148 | Similarity increases closeness. People usually tend to pair off with those who are similar to themselves in intelligence, background, and level of attractiveness. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 149 | Humor makes us happy. In long-term, happy relationships, partners make each other laugh a lot. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 149 | Loosening inhibitions and some self-disclosure lets the other in. People tend to bond when they share secrets with each other. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 149 | Kindness, accommodation, and forgiviness fuel bonding. We tend to bond to people who are kind, sensitive, and thoughtful. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 149 | Touch and sexuality produce warm, positive feelings. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 149 | Commitment is an essential element in building love. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | Can Pornography Help Your Love Life? | 9 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | In a survey of college students more than 90% of the men and 60% of the women had watched Internet pornography before the age 18. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | Men who were married or in a committed relationship, indulged an Internet photography for an hour or less a week. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | 45% reported engaging in an online sexual activity between one and 10 hours a week. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | 8% of the respondents use the Internet for pornography for eleven or more hours with a week. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | Some people say pornography puts spice into their monogamous relationships, but studies show that intense use may put a spike in the art of love, especially for women. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 158 | Researchers have found that female partners of men who are heavy consumers of pornography don't feel very good about their partner's habits. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 159 | Some experts contend that Internet porn can be addictive, but as with so-called sex addiction and other compulsive behaviors, scientists debate whether these are true addictions. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 159 | Pornography is similar to alcohol and drug addiction, in extreme indulgence and continued use despite negative effects on the user. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 159 | Skeptics contend that people who indulge in excessive sex or pornography rarely develop tolerance or obvious withdrawal symptoms -- two hallmarks of addiction. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 159 | Love Will Keep Us Together: Lasting Romance Is Embossed in the Brain | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 159 | Scientists scanned the brains of men and women who insisted that they were still madly in love with their spouses. The fMRI detected intense activity in the VTA area of the brain, a region that releases the pleasure-giving neurotransmitter dopamine. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | In many surveys, people who have been together a long time say they remain intensely in love. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | Happy couples showed brain activity in the ventral pallidum, a brain region associated with feelings of long-term attachment, and in the raphe nucleus, which makes the chemical serotonin that's associated with calm and less obsession. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | There is a real difference between early stage and late stage romantic love. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | In late-stage romantic love, you feel the attachment of wanting to be with a person, but you don't have that early, manic obsession when you first fall in love -- if you don't hear from the person you cry. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | The older the spouses, the more likely they are to have a good marriage. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | Older couples are calmer and less emotionally reactive in marital conflicts than younger people, or perhaps they better appreciate their partner's positive traits. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | Although parenthood may have a negative effect early in marriage, it has a positive influence in later years after children have left the nest. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 160 | Childless couples tend to have lower quality marriages in old age than couples who have children. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 168 | Romantic rejection is a specific form of addiction and withdrawal. | 8 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 168 | Rejection in love involves reward gain and loss systems in the brain that are critical to our survival, which helps to explain why feelings and behaviors related to romantic rejection are difficult to control. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 168 | Romantic rejection leads to high rates of stalking, homicide, suicide, and clinical depression associated with the rejections in love that are found in many cultures. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 172 | Acetaminophen could help for a heartache. | 4 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 172 | Can taking a pain reliever amount for the body he's a pain of heart ache in the brain? Apparently so, an intriguing study shows. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 173 | Since social and physical pain overlap with neurological wiring that makes us truly feel emotional pain, a research study suggested that a dose of acetaminophen could ease the sting of both. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 173 | The anterior cingulate cortex serves as one of the brain's control centers that induces the emotional component of pain, as well as a desperate feeling provoked by the ongoing throbbing of a toothache. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 173 | Evolution may have piggy-backed brain functions that regulate social interaction on top of a more primal pain system. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 173 | fMRI imaging showed that people who took acetaminophen appeared to experience fewer feelings of rejection in brain regions associated with distress caused by social pain and physical pain (the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula). | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 174 | If acetaminophen does help resolve internal emotional conflict and pain of rejection, it might help socially awkward individuals who become distraught when confronted by more routine moral choices. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 174 | Researchers compare love to a drug. That could be why it hurts so much to be apart from your beloved, even for a short time. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 174 | Research shows that long-term and even short-term separation from a romantic partner can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | Separation from a romantic partner resembles drug withdrawal. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | Studies have shown that in monogamous animals, cohabiting and mating have increased levels of oxytocin and vasopressin -- hormones that foster emotional attachments and activate brain areas associated with reward. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | Research studies show that human couples who are separated for several days show minor withdrawal like symptoms, such as irritability and sleep disturbances, along with an increase in cortisol (distress neurochemical). | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | Cortisol-blocking drugs may help people struggling to cope with partner separation. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | Pair bond in people (and in many other animals) is universal. Researchers believe it evolved from that parent-child bond -- our first love relationship, which may explain why we feel romantic attachments so strongly. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 175 | The same neurochemicals -- oxytocin, vasopressin, and dopamine -- have been seen in in both parental child bond and in romantic relationships. Moreover, similar behavior patterns associated with both parental and romantic bonds and separation. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | For most people, time eventually heals the wounds of losing a loved one, no matter the cause. | 2 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | For 10 to 20% of the bereaved, getting over a loss remains extremely difficult, even years later. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | fMRI's studies show that complicated grief (CG) sufferers, reminders of the lost love activate a brain area associated with reward processing, pleasure, and addiction. In effect, the addiction is not allowed to wither and fade. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | When women saw pictures and words that reminded them of their lost loved one, brain networks associated with social pain became activated. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | In the complicated grief (CT) women, reminders of the lost love also excited nucleus accumbens, a forebrain area most commonly associated with reward, pleasure, and addiction. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | When we see a loved one or reminders of a loved one, our brains are cued to enjoy that experience. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | When a loved one dies, our brains have to adapt to the idea that these cues no longer predict this rewarding experience, and some people just can't do it easily. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 177 | Scientists don't yet know why some of us adapt to loss better than others, but they think that research findings will lead to new treatment strategies to help the brains and minds of the bereaved understand that the person is gone for good and then move on. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 178 | Coping with the agony of rejection in life and love. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 178 | There are many more connections running from the amygdala to the neocortex than the other way around. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 179 | The agony of rejection in life and love mirrors withdrawal from an addiction, and expert advice on getting over a broken heart is based on this fact. | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 179 | It may take time, and that time may not be pleasant, but for most of us, a broken heart does heal and a new love does appear. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Ways to Ease Heartache | 1 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Exercise is a cure for almost everything that ails you. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | For recovering addicts, exercise offers a way to keep busy, improve physical health and appearance, and pump out endorphins, the pain easing neurohormones that make us feel better. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Studies have shown that walking briskly for 15 minutes can help greatly. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Happy people have happy friends. Mirror neurons in our brains reflect what those near us are doing and feeling. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Isolation increases anxiety as well as the risks of illness. | 0 | ||
| Horstman; Love, Sex, and the Brain | 180 | Mindfulness meditation, which focuses the mind on the moment, helps train your brain to recognize emotions and thoughts as fleeting, and let them pass by without reacting to them. | 0 | ||
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