| Osaka, editor; Working Memory | |||||
| Chapter | Page | Topic | |||
| Daneman; Working Memory Span Tasks | 22 | One of the most widely used measures of working memory capacity is the reading span task. Read progressively longer sets of sentences out loud while trying to remember the final word of each sentence in the set for later recall. University students might recall as few as two or three final words, or perhaps as many as four or five. | |||
| Daneman; Working Memory Span Tasks | 22 | Reading span differs from the more traditional short-term memory tasks, such as word span and digit span, because it imposes simultaneous processing and storage demands. | 0 | ||
| Daneman; Working Memory Span Tasks | 22 | Combined processing and temporary storage capacity of working memory, and not simply the storage capacity, that is important for comprehension. | 0 | ||
| Daneman; Working Memory Span Tasks | 23 | Sentence comprehension (reading span) correlates with paragraph comprehension (criterion comprehension tests). | 1 | ||
| Daneman; Working Memory Span Tasks | 39 | Working memory span tasks are excellent predictors of performance on complex cognitive tasks. | 16 | ||
| Cowan; Estimates of Working Memory Capacity | 43 | Core working memory capacity limit is related to the scope of attention. | 4 | ||
| Cowan; Estimates of Working Memory Capacity | 48 | Working memory performance depends on the notion of capacity, expressed in terms of chunks. | 5 | ||
| Cowan; Estimates of Working Memory Capacity | 48 | The reason people can remember about seven items is that they rapidly form new, larger chunks of information. | 0 | ||
| Cowan; Estimates of Working Memory Capacity | 51 | Core working memory capacity limit is related to the scope of attention. | 3 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 81 | Accessibility of an element in working memory is defined by the time needed to retrieve it. | 30 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 81 | Availability of an element in working memory is defined by the probability that the element is retrieved correctly. | 0 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 81 | When the number of items to be retained in working memory is smaller than the capacity of the focus of attention, they will be contained in the inner store, immediately retrievable, access time will be fast. | 0 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 81 | When the number of items to be retained in working memory exceeds the capacity of the focus of attention, excess items will be stored outside the focus of attention, necessitating a retrieval operation, slows down access time. | 0 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 90 | Executive suite: focus switching and control processes in working memory. | 9 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 91 | Focus switching and resistance to interference. | 1 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 93 | Focus switching and task switching. | 2 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 95 | Static aspects of working memory, like the systems capacity and structure. | 2 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 95 | Dynamic aspects of working memory, swap items in and out of the focus of attention, dynamics of retrieval, and the relation between focus switching and other executive control processes. | 0 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 95 | Working memory contains at its core a zone of privileged access, the focus of attention. | 0 | ||
| Verhaeghen; WM focus switching and search | 95 | Depending on the task and on allocation of resources, the zone of privileged access can hold between 1 and 4 items. | 0 | ||
| Osaka; Neural Bases of Focusing Attention | 99 | Two types of working memory processes are subserved in Baddeley's original model: one is modality specific buffers, such as the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad; the other is the central executive system. | 4 | ||
| Osaka; Neural Bases of Focusing Attention | 100 | Central executive system especially serves as an attention controller that allocates and coordinates attentional resources for cognitive tasks. | 1 | ||
| Osaka; Neural Bases of Focusing Attention | 100 | Neuroimaging studies have suggested that the executive attentional control system is located in the prefrontal cortex, predominantly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Working memory refers to online cognitive processing and temporary storage in a wide range of tasks. | 19 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Working memory (1) -- several specific temporary memory systems and separate resources for supporting processing and multitask formation. | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Working memory (2) -- domain general cognitive resource supporting both processing and temporary storage within a single flexible system. | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Working memory (3) -- comprise the currently activated areas of long-term memory. | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Working memory span involves a memory load in the context of processing material, and therefore involves at least two task components, although typically only the storage is measured. | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 119 | Measures of processing do not correlate highly with measures of memory in working memory span tasks. | 0 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 120 | Dissociation between memory and processing. | 1 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 133 | Working memory span has been extremely successful in fulfilling its role as a measure of individual cognitive ability. | 13 | ||
| Logie; Separating Processing from Storage | 133 | Working memory span might encapsulate the operation of several different components of cognition. | 0 | ||
| Lewandowsky; Temporal Isolation in Memory | 137 | Time is an important determinant of memory. Pervasive decline of performance with delay. | 4 | ||
| Lewandowsky; Temporal Isolation in Memory | 137 | Memory for events is determined by the extent to which they are temporally distinct from other items in memory. | 0 | ||
| Lewandowsky; Temporal Isolation in Memory | 137 | Temporally isolated events in memory are better remembered than events that are temporally crowded. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 153 | Working memory and short-term memory storage. | 16 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 154 | Short-term memory and working memory task correlate quite highly each other. | 1 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 154 | To recall the last word in a list, participants use forward recall to get to the last item. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 155 | Forward recall relies upon phonological coding, but backward recall does not. | 1 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | Distractor activity has been effective in preventing rehearsal. | 6 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | Rehearsal is an effective means of preparing for backward recall. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | Phonological representations in the phonological store are supposed to decay rapidly in the absence of recall. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | In the phonological store, a 12-second retention interval should be sufficient for traces to decay. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | Backward recall in any short-term memory task is underpinned by phonological codes. | 0 | ||
| Tehan; Working Memory and Short Term Memory | 161 | Recall across simple span, complex span, and delayed recall tasks is supported by phonological codes. | 0 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 165 | Phonological loop component of working memory was originally developed to account for four memory phenomena -- (1) word length effect, (2) acoustic confusion effect, (3) irrelevant speech effect, (4) concurrent articulations effect. | 4 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 165 | Irrelevant speech effect -- performance on immediate serial recall is worse when presentation of the list is accompanied a relevant speech. | 0 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 165 | Does not matter whether the irrelevant speech is loud or soft (76 db or 40 db) | 0 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 166 | Concurrent articulation effect -- saying the digits '1, 2, 3, 4' out loud over and over during list presentation. Phonological loop. Concurrent articulation prevents rehearsal. | 1 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 166 | Word length effect -- lists of shorter words are recalled better than lists of longer words. | 0 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 166 | Acoustic confusion effect -- list of items that sounds similar are harder to recall in order then list of otherwise comparable items that sound different from one another. | 0 | ||
| Neath; Working Memory Phonological Loop | 177 | For the phonological loop component of working memory, older subjects show a similar magnitude relative effect except for the auditory acoustic confusion effect (where the relative effect is larger than for young subjects) and for the visual acoustic confusion effect (where the relative affect is smaller than for young subjects). | 11 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Beginning in the 19th century, some of the most profound insights into cognition have come from observations of individuals suffering brain damage. | 4 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Contemporary models of working memory, including the four component model proposed by Baddeley (2000). | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Cognitive neuropsychology attempts to explain patterns of impaired and intact cognitive performance seen in individuals with brain damage. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Principal goal of cognitive neuropsychology is to gain insight into the structure and function of normal cognition. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Second goal of cognitive neuropsychology is to provide data regarding the localization of cognitive functions in the brain. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 181 | Third objective of cognitive neuropsychology is to understand the various cognitive deficits that result from brain damage in order to advance diagnosis and ultimately treatment. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Working memory is assumed to handle the temporary storage and manipulation of information required for complex cognition, including language processing. | 2 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | The original working memory model included three components -- the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad and the central executive. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Phonological loop is divided into two subcomponents, a storage system that maintains information over a few seconds, and a second component involved in subvocal rehearsal. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Subvocal rehearsal component is used to refresh and maintain information in working memory. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Visuospatial sketchpad is a mechanism to integrate, store and manipulate spatial and visual information. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Central executive is an attentional controller that coordinates information held by the phonological loop in the visuospacial sketchpad. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | It has been proposed that the storage component of the phonological loop is represented in BA 40 and the rehearsal component in BA 44 and BA 6. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | It has been proposed that the visuospatial sketchpad is localized to the right hemisphere, including the occipital, parietal and frontal areas. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 183 | Central executive is commonly assumed to be related to the function of the frontal lobes. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Short-term memory is crucial for sentence comprehension. | 1 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | A phonological short-term store is important in the comprehension of sentences when verbatim content is necessary to extract meaning. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Much better recall of words presented in the context of sensible prose when compared to unrelated lists of words. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Whereas normal subjects can recall a list of up to six unrelated words, they can successfully recall meaningful sentences comprised of up to 16 words. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Amnesic patients, who have profound and impaired long-term memory, were not impaired in the immediate recall of prose. These data suggest LTM is not necessary for immediate recall. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Normal language comprehension is possible for individuals with severely impaired short-term memory. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Episodic buffer is a limited capacity temporary storage system that integrates information from a number of sources across space and time. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 184 | Episodic buffer is assumed to be dissociable from LTM, but interacts with (introduces information into, and retrieves information from), long-term memory. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | Episodic buffer serves as an interface to integrate representations from a number of systems using, 'common multidimensional code.' | 1 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | It is proposed that the episodic buffer serves as an interface between memory and conscious awareness. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | Maintenance of semantic representations is supported by left frontal areas. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | Phonological maintenance can be localized to more posterior areas such as the inferior parietal lobe. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | Patients with semantic short-term memory deficits have difficulty detecting semantic anomalies embedded in sentences in which three adjectives precede a noun. ('She saw the green, bright, shining sun, which pleased her') | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 185 | Patients with short-term memory deficits have no difficulty detecting semantic anomalies when only one adjective appears before a nown. ('She saw the green sun, which pleased her') | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 186 | Phrasal scope of planning -- subjects must activate and maintain all of the lexical-semantic representations in a phrase in a lexical-semantic buffer prior to the initiation of the utterance. | 1 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 186 | Shared semantic buffer involved in both comprehension and production. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 186 | Same brain areas in the left frontal lobe are recruited for both production and comprehension of adjective noun phrases | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 187 | Information maintenance in the face of interference is the critical function of working memory capacity. | 1 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 187 | Patients with semantic short-term memory deficits appear to be extremely sensitive to proactive interference. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 192 | Working memory is composed of short-term memory storage plus central executive function. | 5 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 192 | Catecholamines are a family of neurotransmitters that and include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 192 | Catecholamines influence working memory performance. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Dopamine has been implicated in a number of conditions in which deficits of executive function are considered a cardinal feature. | 1 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have all been related to dysfunction of dopaminergic systems and also associated with deficits of working memory and executive function. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Individual differences and variability in the function of these neuromodulatory systems among individuals. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Single case studies may provide valuable data with implications for theories of working and short-term memory. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Although it would seem intuitively likely, deficits in short-term memory are not necessarily associated with deficits in language comprehension. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Several patients with deficits in phonological short-term memory, nonetheless have completely intact language comprehension, even for syntactically complex sentence structures. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Dissociable phonological and semantic short-term memory buffers. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Executive control processes in semantic short-term memory and language processing. | 0 | ||
| Martin; Cognitive Neuropsychology, Working Memory | 193 | Neuromodulatory influence of various catecholamines. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 197 | Working memory (WM) is a construct that encompasses our ability to temporarily maintain and manipulate information that is no longer accessible in the environment for a brief period of time in order to guide subsequent behavior. | 4 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 197 | In the real world, multiple streams of information reach our awareness, some of it relevant, some not for the task at hand. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 197 | With the inherent capacity limitations of working memory, it is essential that only representations of task-relevant information are generated and maintained. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 197 | An important aspect of goal-directed behavior is understanding the neural mechanisms underlying how task-relevant versus task-irrelevant information is differentially processed. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 197 | Human interaction with our environment involves a fluid integration of externally driven perceptual information that demands attention based on stimulus salience or novelty (bottom-up processes) and internally driven, goal-directed decisions concerning external stimuli or stored representations (top-down modulation). | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 198 | In the biased competition model, with reciprocal suppression of activity in visual regions that encode non-relevant stimuli, suppression occurs due to competition of multiple stimuli for limited visual processing resources. | 1 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 204 | Multivariate analyses generate functional and effective connectivity maps of interacting brain regions by measuring the activity relationship between anatomically connected regions and the cognitive processes being performed. | 6 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 204 | Coordinated functional interaction between nodes of a widely distributed network underlies the active maintenance of perceptual representation. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 205 | Prefrontal cortex-dependent top-down enhancement of visual association cortex activity occurring in the first few hundred milliseconds of the visual processing. | 1 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 205 | PFC exhibits suppressive control over distant cortical regions. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 206 | Suppressive influences of PFC have also been extended to emotionally salient stimuli. | 1 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 206 | There is evidence that PFC-mediated suppression extends to selectively ignored auditory stimuli. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 206 | Parallel enhancement/suppression control entails large-scale neural networks, including an inhibitory PFC-thalamic gating network and a direct excitatory PFC projection to specific cortical regions. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 206 | Suppression might entail long-range excitatory prefrontal-cortical projections that then activate local inhibitory neurons. | 0 | ||
| Gazzaley; Top-down WM | 206 | Mechanisms of top-down enhancement and suppression, as well as modulatory control mechanisms within the framework of PFC functional architecture and associated neural networks. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 261 | Analogical reasoning - Analogy can be said to be at the core of executive functions because analogy is fundamental to higher cognitive processes. | 55 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Analogy is a structural correspondence between two cognitive representations, one called a source, the other a target, both being comprised of representations of relations. | 1 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | The ability to process relations is at the core of analogical reasoning and of many other higher cognitive processes. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Relational processing basic to the functions of the central executive. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Prefrontal cortex is generally thought to support executive functions such as working memory. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Broad classification of brain regions and memory types, allocating working memory to bilateral regions in frontal, as well as parietal and temporal lobes. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is mainly involved in tasks like planning ahead, regulating actions according to the environmental stimuli, shifting behavioral sets appropriately, and temporal ordering of recent events. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Assign performance monitoring to medial frontal cortex, subsequent adjustment to lateral and orbitofrontal cortex. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Frontal lobes also specialize in relational processing. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 262 | Frontal and parietal lobe activity often coactivate in relationally difficult tasks, but repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) revealed differences in terms of maintenance (parietal and prefrontal) and retrieval (prefrontal only). | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Brain imaging studies show that prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions contribute to various components of relational processing. | 1 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Prefrontal regions are involved in the retrieval and monitoring of relational information, parietal regions are involved in the maintenance of relational structures (i.e., the explicit dimensions over which the relations are defined), and temporal regions are involved in the formation of bindings between related items. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Information processing capacity of the central executive is limited in the complexity of the relational structures that it can process. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Relational Complexity (RC) theory -- task complexity is a function of the number of related variables required to be processed in parallel. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Relational complexity theory proposes that more complex relations impose higher processing loads, and that humans are limited in the complexity of relations that can be processed in any one representation. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Humans try to reduce the complexity of a task using two main cognitive heuristics: (1) Conceptual chunking, (2) Segmentation. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 263 | Conceptual chunking involves recoding concepts into less complex relations. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 264 | Segmentation involves dividing tasks into less complex subtasks that can be processed serially. | 1 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 264 | Conceptual chunking and segmentation permit complex, hierarchical structures to be handled by processing one level at a time. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 264 | The limitations to working memory can be well defined by the complexity of relations that can be processed. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 268 | A four-way interaction is difficult even for experienced adults to process without external aids. | 4 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 268 | Visual and short-term memory capacities of four items. | 0 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 272 | A tensor product model can be used to represent the relationship model. | 4 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 273 | Tensor product binding models capacity limitations -- the number of binding units in a tensor product network grows exponentially with the rank of the tensor product. | 1 | ||
| Halford; Relational Processing | 274 | Model of executive functions based on relational processing. | 1 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 333 | Short-term retention (STR) of information during working memory tasks is accomplished via sustained activity in brain regions whose primary function is not working memory (nor short-term memory). Rather, the STR brain areas are the very same as those active for the 'primary' processing of the information. | 59 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 333 | Working memory depends on sustained activation of portions of long-term memory, which must be construed in a broad sense. Perceiving, recognizing, understanding, and rehearsing are all abilities that result from continual refinements involving long-term memory. | 0 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 333 | Working memory is better understood as an emergent property produced by sustained attention to information represented in systems that have evolved to perform perception-, representation-, or action-related functions. | 0 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 333 | Short-term retention of information in working memory is supported by sustained activity in the same nonPFC brain regions that process this information in situations that do not require memory. | 0 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 338 | Working memory for the identity of objects is associated with sustained activity in the very brain systems that are responsible for the visual perception of these stimuli. | 5 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 341 | STR of information in working memory is accomplished via sustained activity in anatomical networks whose principle function is not mnemonic. | 3 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 341 | STR of information in working memory is accomplished via the temporary representations. | 0 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 342 | If the information in working memory is being represented, in part, in an articulatory code, (covertly) cycling this information through the speech production apparatus would be a way to accomplish memory for order without resorting to a special-purpose memory system. | 1 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 343 | Plasticity is a property of virtually all elements of the nervous system. | 1 | ||
| Postle; Activated Long-Term Memory | 344 | Short-term retention of information in working memory is supported by sustained activity in cortical regions whose primary function is not working memory. | 1 | ||