| Squire; Memory and Brain | |||||
| Book | Page | Topic | |||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 5 | Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934) | |||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 5 | Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 6 | Aplysia californica (diagram) | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 17 | Donald O. Hebb (1904-1985) | 11 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 19 | Schematic diagram of a synapse onto a dendritic spine. (Diagram) | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 20 | Long-term potentiation (LTP) | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 23 | Developing nervous system. Initial oversupply of cells and axon. Neuronal death and the elimination of collateral branches of neurons. | 3 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 25 | In the projection from the lateral geniculate to visual cortex, synapse elimination is especially important in achieving the adult pattern of connectivity | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 26 | Pattern of arborization of a single afferent axon in the visual cortex. (Diagram) | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 27 | Changes that result from visual experience are reflected directly in the morphology of the terminal fields of the competing axons. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 29 | Competition is most likely a prominent event in the adult nervous system, long after development is complete. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 31 | Hebb synapse plasticity -- synaptic efficacy would increase between the input cell and a postsynaptic cell in situations where the input successfully fires the postsynaptic cell. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 32 | Effects of experience on the functional connectivity of neural pathways are reflected in morphological change, which depends upon the degree of activity and synchrony in the inputs converging on common targets. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 32 | Remembering and forgetting. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 33 | Forgetting involves actual loss of some of the neural connections that originally represented acquired information. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 36 | Information in long-term memory eventually becomes resistant to forgetting. | 3 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 38 | All forgetting, whether it occurs in a few hours or over a period of years, reflects in part an actual loss of information from storage and a corresponding regression of some of the synaptic changes that originally represented the stored information. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 40 | The forebrain in general and neocortex in particular are innervated extrinsically and by several separate, widely projecting ascending fiber systems, each of them linked to a particular neurotransmitter. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 40 | Cortical norepinephrine (NE) originates in the locus coeruleus, a small nucleus in the brainstem at the level of the pons that contains only an estimated 9000 to 16,000 cells in the adult human. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 40 | Locus coeruleus slow conducting axons connect with a number of regions in the brain, notably amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 41 | Locus coeruleus is believed to be the only source of NE fibers for most of the forebrain. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 43 | Widely projecting modulatory systems. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 44 | Locus coeruleus neurons, the source of the forebrain NE system, fire in relation to the animal's level of vigilance. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 56 | Set of changes in the nervous system that represents stored memory is commonly known as the engram. | 12 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 77 | Memory for whole events is stored widely, not in a single location. Recollection of past events is a reconstruction from fragments, not a veridical playback of past events. | 21 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 143 | Little reason to postulate more than two stages of memory, short-term and long-term. | 66 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 145 | Information in long-term memory continues to change for many years. Some or all of it can become independent of the medial temporal region (hippocampus). | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 147 | Certain short-term forms of synaptic plasticity do not require protein synthesis. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 149 | Long-term memory requires the participation of the medial temporal region, which operates in conjunction with the assemblies of neurons that represent stored information. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 149 | Synaptic plasticity describes a variety of phenomena with different time courses, such as facilitation, post-tetanic potentiation, and long-term potentiation. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 152 | Declarative memory is memory that is directly accessible to conscious recollection. | 3 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 152 | Procedural memory is memory that is contained within learned skills or modifiable cognitive operations. [Stereotyped motor programs] [FAPs] | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 153 | Priming is the facilitation of performance by prior exposure to words or other material. This facilitation occurs despite impared recall or recognition of the same material. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 158 | Priming effects are spared in amnesia. | 5 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 160 | The terms 'declarative' and 'procedural' first appeared in the literature of artificial intelligence (1975) and cognitive psychology (1976). | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 161 | Priming is a short-lived phenomenon. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 162 | Declarative memory is fast, adaptive for one-trial learning. In contrast, procedural memory is slow, more automatic, adaptive for incremental learning. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 164 | Procedural memory is not a single thing. Procedural memory Includes motor skill learning, cognitive skill learning, perceptual learning, classical conditioning, as well as simpler examples of behavioral plasticity such as habituation, sensitization, and perceptual after-effects. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 165 | Classical conditioning of skeletal musculature depends at least in part on neural pathways in the cerebellum. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 167 | Declarative memory may prove to be a relatively recent evolutionary innovation. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 167 | The specific tightly wired, limited access machinery in the brain the cognitive unconscious. [Stereotyped motor programs] [FAPs] | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 168 | Medial temporal region and associated structures of affording animals the capacity for declarative memory. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 169 | Declarative memory can be further subdivided into 'episodic' and 'semantic' memory. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 169 | Episodic memory a reversion memory for past events and an individual's life. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 169 | Semantic memory refers to knowledge of the world. This system represents organized information such as facts, concepts, and vocabulary. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 169 | Unlike episodic memory, semantic memory has no necessary temporal landmarks. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 170 | Declarative memory includes what can be declared or brought to mind as a proposition or an image. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 170 | Procedural memory includes motor skills, cognitive skills, simple classical conditioning, habituation, sensitization, and other cognitive operations improved by experience. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 180 | Amnesic patients can normal immediate memory and also normal remote memory. | 10 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 186 | Medial temporal amnesia. | 6 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 186 | Patient H.M. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 193 | Section through the temporal lobe of a normal human brain, showing subicular cortex, presubiculum, subiculum, CA subfields of the hippocampal formation, dentate gyrus. - (photo) | 7 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 195 | Both the hippocampus and the amygdala receive information from sensory-specific cortical areas and from multimodal association areas. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 196 | Fornix is only one of two major efferent pathways from the hippocampus. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 198 | Aging and memory. | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 201 | Amnesic patients are normal at object-naming tests. | 3 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 202 | Amnesia and the functional organization of memory. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 202 | In amnesia, general intellectual ability is intact; short-term memory is intact. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 204 | Within the domain of declarative memory, medial temporal structures are involved only in the establishment and consolidation of long-term memory, not short-term | 2 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 204 | Consolidation refers to the ideas that memory storage does not occur instantaneously but instead develops gradually after Initial learning. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 205 | Neural elements and the synaptic connectivity representing information storage are presumed to change gradually over time. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 205 | Consolidation is a competitive process in which some aspects of memory for the original event are forgotten, while those that remain are strengthened. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 205 | Consolidation is a process that occurs within the collection of distributed sites where synaptic change representing information storage has occurred. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 206 | Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depressive illness. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 209 | Retrograde amnesia following medial terminal lobe damage suggests that at the time of learning, the medial temporal region establishes a functional relationship with memory storage sites, especially in neocortex. | 3 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 209 | Hippocampal formation can exhibit to long-lasting synaptic change in response to brief, high-frequency stimulation of its input pathway (long-term potentiation, or LTP). | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 209 | LTP could be one index of the relationship between hippocampus and neocortex. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 209 | During the lengthy process of consolidation, the critical neural system within the medial temporal region may maintain the organization of distant memory storage sites, until such time as the coherence of these sites increases and they can be activated as an ensemble without the participation of the medial temporal region. [Gestalts] | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 210 | Memory depends on the interaction between a specialized system within the medial temporal region and memory storage sites in neocortex. | 1 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 219 | Patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome commonly have damage to brain stem, cerebellum, and neocortex in addition to specific diencephalic lesions. | 9 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 219 | Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome exhibit a severe deficit in remembering the temporal order of learned items. | 0 | ||
| Squire; Memory and Brain | 224 | Inferotemporal cortex is presumed to both process and store information about the identity of visual objects. | 5 | ||